Transformando la conducta
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¿Tienes malos hábitos que te gustaría dejar, pero no lo consigues?
pero no lo consigues?
¿Quieres entender, qué te llevó a ser quien eres ahora?
¿Te gustaría cambiar el rumbo actual de tu vida?
Analicemos un poco las condiciones que llevan a tu cerebro a pensar de la manera que lo haces, hablando desde la generalidad y evitando las excepciones estadísticas.
¿De dónde vienen tus pensamientos y hábitos?
Como lo he expresado en artículos anteriores, la realidad en la que vivimos a nivel social, cultural, económico e interpersonal; sus ideas, conocimientos y sentimientos, afectan de manera directa la formación de nuestra estructura cognitiva, que es nuestra capacidad organizativa de la inteligencia. Esto quiere decir que nuestra forma de pensar se moldea de acuerdo a las experiencias y saberes con los que enriquecemos nuestro pensamiento, sin embargo el mundo exterior está en continua transformación, por lo tanto el cerebro necesita identificar estos cambios y actualizar sus representaciones conscientes para mantenerse al día con la realidad. Para ello tomemos como como fundamento conceptual, la Teoría Reformulada de la Asimilación de Ausubel (Ausubel, 1976; Paniagua y Meneses, 2006).
“De acuerdo a los planteamientos sustentados en la Teoría Reformulada de la Asimilación (TRA) la estructura cognoscitiva es una estructura ideativa constituida por todos los aprendizajes significativos pasados. La cual cambia constantemente, debido a los procesos de aprendizaje, constituyéndose en un sistema dinámico de situaciones de equilibrio (Piaget, 1975; Pozo, 1987; Klinger y Vadillo 1999).
Al interactuar una nueva idea N con otra A ya existente en la estructura cognoscitiva, ambas se transforman por dicha interacción.
A → A′
N → N′
A´ y N´ son los nuevos significados de A y N”[i]
Con relación a lo anterior, podemos decir que el conjunto de creencias, saberes y sentimientos que se han acumulado a lo largo de la vida, se constituyen como producto de la interacción con el medio externo, naturaleza, información y personas, viéndose transformados paulatinamente y dando origen a la conciencia, que es el entendimiento que tenemos de nuestro propio ser y del entorno.
De esta conciencia, que es el producto de la estructura cognitiva que se formó por la suma de sucesos, interacciones e información adquirida a lo largo de la vida, surge entonces la voluntad, que es la capacidad intencionada que tenemos los seres humanos de llevar a cabo acciones o generar conductas de manera no reactiva.
Sin embargo, siempre ha existido la dicotomía filosófica del libre albedrio. Si en verdad la voluntad es una intencionalidad libre de realizar una acción o está determinada previamente por la irrompible cadena causa-consecuencia. En este paralelo de corrientes de pensamiento encontramos el Determinismo “doctrina filosófica según la cual todo fenómeno está prefijado de una manera necesaria por las circunstancias o condiciones en que se produce y por consiguiente, ninguno de los actos de nuestra voluntad es libre, sino necesariamente preestablecido.” (Oxford Languages).
Por otra parte, Schopenhauer, en su obra capital El Mundo como Voluntad y Representación[i] “reacciona en contra de la supremacía de la razón y el intelecto de los hombres, al suponer una fuerza subyacente a la razón misma, escondida como fundamento profundo de las acciones humanas. Él acepta que la realidad última e irracional es una fuerza ciega e irreflexiva llamada voluntad. La manifestación de esta fuerza subyacente se da corporalmente mientras que el intelecto es un instrumento que sirve para contener hasta cierto punto los deseos irracionales de esta fuerza primordial”. (Barrero 2011)
No obstante, en este artículo vamos a abordar el surgimiento de la voluntad de la siguiente manera:
¿Te Conviertes en una Extensión de tu Entorno?
Aunque somos influenciados por el entorno desde la infancia, la toma consiente de decisiones cotidianas nos pueden orientar hacia nuevos caminos. La razón, entonces de una conducta en la que no tenemos voluntad para asumir las responsabilidades y decisiones más sanas a nivel personal considerando el papel social, es precisamente la influencia que han tenido las vivencias previas y la naturaleza de la sinergia cognitiva que se va produciendo lentamente al compartir con una persona o grupo de personas, ocurriendo en nosotros sin buscarlo, una especie de transmutación de pensamiento donde llegamos a aceptar como normal incluso un comportamiento destructivo a nivel interpersonal, laboral o a nivel propio que afecta nuestro bienestar.
Lo anterior se acentúa más cuando se reprimen las sensaciones, reacciones y problemas que se hicieron evidentes a lo largo de la vida y lo hacen en la actualidad. Según Sigmund Freud, quien desarrolló ampliamente su interpretación de la conducta humana y específicamente en su teoría de la personalidad, todos poseemos tres instancias que forman la psique humana, El Ello, El Yo y el Superyó:[1]
- El Ello es el componente innato de los individuos, las personas nacen con él. Consiste en los deseos, voluntades e instintos principalmente originados por el placer. A partir del ello se desarrollan las otras partes que componen la personalidad humana: yo y superyó.
- El Yo surge a partir de la interacción del ser humano con su realidad, adecuando sus instintos primitivos (El Ello) con el ambiente en que vive. Es el mecanismo responsable por el equilibrio de la psique, buscando regular los impulsos del Ello, al mismo tiempo que intenta satisfacerlos de modo menos inmediato y más realista. Gracias al Yo la persona logra mantener la cordura de su personalidad, pues este comienza a desarrollarse en los primeros años de vida del individuo.
- El Superyó se desarrolla a partir del Yo y consiste en la representación de los ideales y valores morales y culturales del individuo. Actúa como un «consejero», alertándolo sobre lo que es o no moralmente aceptado, de acuerdo con los principios que fueron absorbidos por la persona a lo largo de su vida. Comienza a desarrollarse a partir del quinto año de vida. Es aquí cuando el contacto con la sociedad comienza a intensificarse a través de la escuela, por ejemplo. En este momento las relaciones sociales pasan a ser mejor interpretadas por la persona.[2]
Es por eso que cuando una persona experimenta deseos, estrés o impulsos (Amar, llorar, gritar, violentar, etc…) y los reprime para no expresarlos, dicho instinto natural no desaparece, pues es innato en la psique, por el contrario éste se guarda en el inconsciente, donde se incuba y crece, para luego regresar mucho más fuerte.
Como ejemplo tomaremos un niño que es maltratado por sus padres, él tratara de reprimir sus sentimientos de ira, tristeza y frustración por no ser reconocido como ser humano en esencia, por parte de las figuras paternas, pues su superyó le hará pensar que reclamar no será una conducta plausible. Posteriormente cuando este niño esté en su vida adulta es posible que estos sentimientos que no pudo expresar y liberar de manera adecuada, regresen en forma de violencia, despotismo y discriminación hacia sus amigos y familiares en busca de liberarse de una vez por todas de su deseo inconsciente reprimido.
Se puede concluir, que las conductas que tenemos en la vida son el resultado de nuestra propia naturaleza en proceso de fusión constante con el entorno al que se busca adaptar, como una armonía imperfecta entre cóncavo y convexo, la conducta se moldea al contexto donde se forma.
¿Se puede Cambiar?
Por fortuna gozamos de Neuroplasticidad, que es la capacidad que tiene el cerebro para adaptarse a los cambios a través de redes neuronales. Cuando se practica lo aprendido mejoran las comunicaciones entre esas neuronas, lo que facilita el mejor desarrollo de las tareas[3] y también posibilita la formación de nuevas conductas, hábitos, percepciones y entendimiento del propio ser y de la realidad. Por lo anterior es posible tomar la decisión de cambiar nuestro entorno emocional, mental, espiritual, y físico siempre y cuando esté dentro de nuestras posibilidades, (Amistades, costumbres, pareja, trabajo, oficio, vicios, etc…) y de esta forma evolucionar la conciencia hacia una mejor versión de nosotros mismos, orientando el pensamiento y costumbres a nuevas perspectivas. Aceptando que esa sensación de apego hacia una persona, una conducta o una situación específica, aunque no sea provechosa, no es más que un reflejo natural de la mente buscando adaptarse por comodidad, para evitar cambios bruscos en la composición neuronal.
Todos tenemos la capacidad de cambiar nuestra realidad.
Julián Ballén
Comparte si crees que le ha de ser útil a la transformación de tu entorno.
[1] Tomado como síntesis del Libro El Yo y el Ello. Sigmund Freud (1923).
[2] Tomado de www.diferenciador.com
[3] Tomado de https://www.apd.es
[i] El mundo como voluntad y representación, Arthur Schopenhauer (1819)
[i] Fragmento de Modelo de estructura cognoscitiva desde el punto de vista de la Teoría Reformulada de la Asimilación. Revista Electrónica de Enseñanza de las Ciencias Vol. 7 Nº1 (2008).
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프라그마틱 슬롯 추천
Zhang Yan의 심장이 뛰었습니다. «Ma Butang, 이것은 …»
슬롯 사이트
예전에 홍지제는 시와 책을 읽은 위대한 유학자를 존경했다.
오션 슬롯
심장과 간까지 가공할 수 있어 영양이 풍부하고 좋은 가격에 판매할 수 있다.
프라그마틱 정품
그리고 Hongzhi의 12년 시험은 가장 위험한 시험이었습니다.
파워 슬롯
Fang Jifan은 긴장하고 흥분했습니다.
월드컵 토토 사이트
그런 다음 Xiao Jing은 Hongzhi 황제를 조심스럽게 바라 보았습니다.
에그벳
«뭐라고?» 주희롱은 말을 더듬으며 팡지판을 바라보았다.
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